WWW.MEDAL.NET

MEDAL RELATED WEBSITES

International Electronic Phaleristic Encyclopaedia

Looking to identify a medal ... start here !!
This page provides links to country specific sites to accumulate a virtual encyclopaedia on orders, decorations, and medals, worldwide and across time. The organization is (roughly) regional, with the following areas represented: Europe, North America, Central and South America, Oceania, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and International Bodies. Within each of these categories, sites for individual countries' medals are listed.

Medals of the World

Image Collection by Megan C. Robertson.  Here is a collection of images of medals from around the world.

Canadian Director Soldier Systems Program Management

This web site deals with medals, ribbons and insignia for the Canadian Military and for Civilians.

World War I History - 25 Volumes

ComradesandColleagues.com

The site is called www.comradesandcolleagues.com and we are a military reunion site for all the forces in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. We regularly advertise in military press such as Navy News, RAF News, Soldier Magazine and the Globe & Laurel and we support armed forces charities by donating a percentage of our turnover each month.  From a personal point of view I am ex Royal Navy having served between 82 and 85 with the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. I am also a member of the Royal Naval Association in the UK.

The Ex-Forces Network

Australian Flying Corps

An overview of the history of the Australian Flying Corps.

Friends of War Memorials

Friends of War Memorials is a registered charity dedicated to promoting awareness of the debt we owe to those who gave their lives in the cause of freedom.
Its formal objectives are:

To monitor the condition and state of repair of war memorials and to take steps to ensure that local authorities and other relevant organizations are alerted to such condition with a view to their undertaking any necessary restoration, repairs and routine maintenance.

To liaise with ecclesiastical authorities, regiments and other responsible bodies with a view to their accepting responsibility for, and undertaking repairs and renovations of, war memorials.

To educate, inform and publicize the spiritual, archaeological and historical significance of war memorials as part of our national heritage, to encourage support groups and to inspire young people to cherish their local war memorials and the memory of those who sacrificed their lives in the cause of freedom.

Arabic Military Medals

The First Site Dedicated to Arabic Military Medals. This site is still under high maintenance and many Countries are missing, they will be added reel soon, so please visit us on a Weekly Basis.

The Java Index

British Commonwealth Prisoners of War held in Java 1942-45. About 15,500 British and Commonwealth service men and women were captured in Java. The Java Index lists names alphabetically. Surnames are followed by nationality and unit and, in some cases, the place where the POW died.

My Far East

These pages are devoted to various information I have found in my limited travels in the Far East. These are currently restricted to West Malaysia and Singapore but in the future will hopefully expand to more countries. My main interests are historical, most with military connections as an extension of my research into various British War Memorials.

• Malaysia

• Singapore

• Japanese Invasion

Special Operations Executive

A Webspace dedicated to PRINCESS NOOR-UN-NISA INAYAT KHAN, George Cross, M.B.E., Croix de Guerre (with gold star). Heroine of the French Resistance during World War II.  She was a member of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) base at Guyotville, just west of Algiers, in Algeria (then part of French North Africa), during the Second World War.

AntiqueGunRoom.com

A site that is dedicated to All Antique Arms in general, but limited in particular to firearms up to 31^st December 1898.

Austro-Hungarian Land Forces 1848-1918

The aim of this site is to document the organizational history of the land forces of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy from just prior to the outbreak of the Great War until the collapse of the monarchy in 1918.

The Central Armed Forces Museum, Russia

The Biggest in the World collection of German banners, uniforms and personal belongings in Red/Soviet Army and German WW II trophies museum, Russia.

Tank Museum in Kubinka

The Museum of Armoured Vehicles and Equipment has one of the largest collections of armoured vehicles in the world. Vehicles from 11 foreign countries are represented. The 290 items range from 3-5 ton light tanks and armoured cars to a super-heavy, 180 ton monster. There are 40 self-propelled guns from 57 to 600 calibre, 30 armoured cars, 10 reconnaissance and command vehicles, and a variety of technical and engineer support vehicles.

Connaught Rangers - 88th & 94th Foot Regiment

This site is currently under construction and they plan that it will become the definitive Memorial to "The Rangers". Contact Peter if you need information about a particular relative or soldier, he will do our best to assist.

The Leeds Pals The 15th (Service) Battalion West Yorkshire Regiment

This site is dedicated as a memorial to the young men who gave so much for King and Country during the early years of the last Century. A definitive guide, lovingly studied and understood by one of the Country's leading enthusiasts on the subject.

SANDF Roll of Honour

A roll of SADF personnel who died for their country; from the establishment of the republic until 1994 when the SADF was amalgamated into the SANDF.

88th / 94th Connaught Rangers

The year 1922 saw the foundation of the Irish Free State, later the Republic of Ireland. It also saw the disbandment of five famous regiments of the British Army that had recruited in the provinces of Leinster, Munster and Connaught, now all part of the new state. The most famous of these was the regiment sometimes affectionately known as 'The Devil's Own'; that fierce fighting regiment, the Connaught Rangers. This webpage has been created to perpetuate its memory.

Family History in India

The website for people tracing their British, European and Anglo-Indian family history in India, Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

The Machine Gun Corps

The main aim of this site is to inform people about the Vickers Machine Gun and what a magnificent weapon that it was. I also feel that it is a place where Vickers collectors and enthusiasts can meet and discuss the topic with like-minded people. Perhaps solve problems or exchange equipment.

Australian Medal Collectors

Australian Medal Collectors is a free online club for all aspects of medal collecting and research. It has a message board, photo albums, links and chat facility, and is available to all bona fide collectors and researchers world-wide.

Australian Police Collectors

Australians at War

This site intends to cover the history of Australia's armed services in the various wars that Australians have participated in since settlement in 1788. This site looks at the people, places and events that have made Australia's military record something to be proud of. For a nation with such a small population, Australian efforts have been spectacular in both World War One and Two. Not only having important roles, their actions have often changed the course of the war, and in doing so, changed the future of the World.

Australians in the Boer War Oz-Boer Database Project

The Australians in the Boer War (Oz-Boer) Database Project marks the centenary of the participation by Australia in the Second Anglo-Boer War by making it easier for genealogists, numismatists, local historians and other researchers to locate source materials dealing with individual Australian participants.

3rd RAR in Vietnam - Resource list

• The Australian Involvement in "Vietnam"

• The Australian Veteran and the Vietnam Experience

• ‘From the Ground Up’ - Understanding the Royal Australian Regiment

• The Royal Australian Regiment - A Brief History

• Flag Raising Ceremony, Australian National Flag Day 3 September 1997

• Australia's Involvement In Vietnam

• Vietnam War 1962-72

WW1 and WW2 Medals Resource

Ireland in World War 2

During the course of World War Two Ireland held an official policy of neutrality. With great energy and enthusiasm the people of Ireland prepared themselves as best they could to look after their well being and sovereignty in this time shortages and fear of invasion. This site will hopefully be able to set about describing some of the events and occurrences in Ireland during this time.

Hyland's Bookshop

They stock a vast range of books dealing with all aspects of aviation, naval and maritime history, and the history of land warfare. Their transport section covers railways, buses, trams, tractors, trucks, fire engines, canals. Books dealing with the modelling 'hardware' associated with these subjects support our whole range. They also stock books covering hunting, shooting, guns, mountaineering, caving and Antarctic exploration.

Mirko Plavsic - Orders, Medals, Decorations & Coins of the World

Mirko Plavsic web site is meant for serious collectors of medals and orders, as well as for those who intend to become such. Anybody wanting to widen his knowledge, which wants to increase their knowledge about orders medals and coins, should visit this website. He researches and also collect coins, orders and medals of the world, especially orders of the Austria-Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro and Yugoslavia. He is the author of many books, publications, articles and CD's is a renowned collector, and excellent connoisseur of Phaleristics of Serbia, Montenegro, Yugoslavia, Croatia and Austria-Hungary. He is a member of many Europe Numismatic and Phaleristic association.

MEDALS 4 U

British Medals for sale, brought and traded. Let me know your interests. Particularly interested in Medals to HMS BRITANNIA and RENOWN. Also Medals to the N Staffs and the K.O.Y.L.I. They offer a very fast and reliable RESEARCH SERVICE (E-mail for rates).

Gulf War Veteran Resource Pages

The Gulf War Veteran Resource Pages website carries a link to 72 other sites related to the Gulf War of 1991. It includes photos from the conflict, as well as a facility that is able to put you in touch with veterans from other countries that took part in the war.

British Korean War Veterans Association

The Korean War, which began in June 1950 and ended inconclusively in July 1953, claimed an estimated three million lives. A section of this website - maintained by Korean War veterans - is devoted to the British Korean War Veterans (BKVA). It includes many messages from ex-soldiers and their families seeking to get in touch with comrades.

South Atlantic Medal Association

The South Atlantic Medal Association was set up for all those in possession of the South Atlantic medal. This was awarded to all personnel who took part in operations in the South Atlantic for the liberation of South Georgia and the Falkland Islands.

Ministry of Defence Veterans Advice Unit

The Ministry of Defence Veterans Advice Unit is there to assist all former members of the Armed Forces. Its website tells you about some of the problems and queries they can help with.

South African Medal Research

Rhino Research specializes in researching information on South African decorations and medals. They are able to carry out research in the following areas:

Medals, decorations and awards issued by the South African Police and the South African Defence Force [record cards and personal files where available (copies can be provided)]

Soldiers who fought in World War One and World War Two [record cards, personal files]

South African Constabulary (Anglo Boer War) [record cards, personal files, casualties, recruitment details]

QSA and KSA medal and clasp verification.

War Sites, Military Cemeteries and Memorials to the Dead of WW1

This site contains many of the notable war cemeteries and Memorials of the Great War in France and Belgium.

South African Military Units

This is an attempt to get some of the military history of South Africa on the Web in a useable format, based on the book called "The Armed Forces of South Africa with an appendix on the commandos" by Major G. Tylden.

Wartime Research Media Limited

The company was set up in August 1999 with the principal aims of completing the publication and distribution of Murphy's Register, the company's lead product. With the launch of the internet site, Wartime Research Media is pleased to announce two new services, namely the Research Service and the Photo Reprint Service. They will also be launching a Military Medal Catalogue in the very near future.

Unofficial history of 42nd (City of Manchester) Signal Squadron (Volunteers)

The unit started life prior to WW1 as Royal Engineer Volunteers and was one of the first TA units to go overseas in WW1. They saw action in North Africa, Gallipoli and France. The history includes medal citations and badge illustrations from WW1 & WW2.  Sources and bibliography are the end and may be useful to other researchers.   The web site can be navigated from the table of contents.  There are a few gaps in the history and the author  would appreciate comments and assistance.

Victoria Crosses held by British and Irish Regimental Museums and other miscellaneous museum locations

Gerard Estournet Website

Gerard is a French collector who is looking to build a record of more detailed information based of knighthood orders, decorations and medals.  This site actually is based on a monthly report for decorations and a quarterly report for a complex order.  The month and quarter periodicity is intended to attract a dynamic meeting corner.

Militaria Online

This site is designed to try and make it easier to find the growing amount of militaria being offered on the internet.  The sites listed are global with an emphasis on US based dealers and auctioneers.

Hall of Medals

Updated and now includes a 600+ Ribbon Chart, Inter-Allied War Medals, British Campaign Medals, Cheeseman Medals and many more besides.

Christian Breuer's Collection

Model Bronze

Portuguese webpage of medals (Portuguese).

Officer and Men of the Tyneside Scottish and Tyneside Irish Brigades of the Great War

Private web site dedicated to the Officer and men of the Tyneside Scottish and Tyneside Irish brigades of the Great War. From formation to disbandment, including details of the 1st July 1916 attack.

Robert H. Smith's Master Index to World Wide Maritime Museum

Royal Jersey Militia

This site has been set up to provide an insight into the history of the Royal Jersey Militia.  The Webmaster is a collector of all aspects of Jersey Militia uniforms and insignia and as a resident of Jersey is well placed to continue his research. This site is in its early stages of creation at present, but when completed there will be links to pages illustrating the authors extensive collection and to the collections of others with similar interests. It is also hoped to include links to pages showing uniforms and insignia of all the uniformed services in the Island of Jersey, both military and civilian.

The History of the Military Order Decoration (Russia)

Polish Military Badges

This site, still under construction, is going to provide the conscientious militaria collectors and dealers with a few basic criteria of fake recognition in the field of Polish military badges 1914-1948.

Old Contemptibles Great War Website

This website has been named in honour of the Old Contemptible, or, in other words, the individual British soldier who, with his comrades, formed the British Expeditionary Force which travelled to France and Flanders in August 1914. The site as a whole, however, is dedicated to those of all nationalities who sacrificed their lives during the conflict of 1914-18.

Anglo-Boer War Memorials Project

The Anglo-Boer War Memorials Project is run under the auspices of the Victorian Military Society.  The Project has built up a large database of names of men and women who are recorded on the memorials. If you are doing family history or medal research please contact them.

The Glorious Glosters (Tribute to the Gloucestershire Regiment)

The 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment and The 61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment  Raised in 1694 Raised in 1756.  In 1881 they became the 1st Battalion Gloucestershire Regiment 2nd Battalion Gloucestershire  Regiment.  In 1959 they amalgamated to become 1st Battalion (28th/61st) The Gloucestershire Regiment  In 1994 the Regiment amalgamated with the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire & Wiltshire) to become The Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment  This site has a wealth of information about the history of this Regiment.

Military History Institute

Mission: Preserve the Army's history and ensure access to historical research materials.
Vision: MHI serves as the primary research facility for the historical study of the US Army in order to foster a greater understanding of the Army's role in our nation's history and in its future.

Market Harborough An East Midlands Town in the First World War

Market Harborough, 6th. August 1914, the Territorials mobilized on the Square. The photograph looks up the High Street towards Leicester and shows the spire of St. Dionysius Church. On the extreme right are the premises of Shindler & Douglas, drapers. Mr. F.G. Shindler compiled and maintained the 'Roll of Honour' for the town and neighbouring villages throughout the war.

Kyle Tallet - RND

He has some interesting stories about the R.N.D. and he might me able to give you some good advice.

New Steel Navy

A set of naval war-game rules originally published on the Naval War games Mailing List and also by NAVAL WAR GAMING REVIEW, is now on line. New member to the NWG Mailing list may wish to check this out.

Darrell Hillier

Darrell Hillier has created a very nice website, in honour of his grandfather's service in the Royal Naval Reserve (including service in HMS NEW ZEALAND

Ed's Mess - Canadian Navy

This site is respectfully dedicated to the men and women of Canada's Armed Forces and Merchant Navy, both past and present. The objective of this site is to provide a place for those who share an interest in naval matters and history to meet and perhaps exchange information, ideas and maybe a trinket or two. Feel free to look around and when you are done here check out the related links that Ed has placed here for you to visit.

The Changi Murals

This site is dedicated to all servicemen, servicewomen and civilians who died and suffered as the results of being 'Guests' of the Emperor of Japan 1941-1945.

United States Navy Uniforms and Insignia

The goal of these pages is to present the uniforms and insignia of the United States Navy throughout its history, through text and illustrations. The intention of illustrating an insignia is more to give a general idea of how it looked and how it was worn, rather than to give an accurate rendering of the exact item. Also

Royal Navy uniforms of the Napoleonic era

Polish Militaria

By Prof. Dr. Zdzislaw P. Wesolowski Colonel, South Carolina State Guard (Reserve). This site contains a wealth of information for collectors, military historians and former servicemen interested in the Polish nation's history, military and civilian decorations make a significant contribution to the understanding of Polish national history.

UK Museum Organization

The UK Museum Organization is managed by the School of Conservation Sciences at Bournemouth University, UK. Within the School The Centre for the History of Defence Electronics (CHiDE) is taking the lead role. Initial entries to this web site will reflect CHiDE's particular interests and includes a Military Collections, Museums & Sites of Interest Directory

United States Branch of the Western Front Association

The WFA was formed to further interest in the period 1914-1918. Its principal objective is to perpetuate the memory, courage, and comradeship of those, on all sides, who served their country in France and Flanders. It does not seek to glorify war, is entirely non-political, and welcomes members of all ages.

Somme, a land of History

This website has been conceived for helping overseas visitors to organize their travel to the Somme battlefields and memorials and to follow in the Australian and New Zealander fighters' footsteps. They are very glad to help the "Aussies and Kiwis" to set up their visit and stay in the Somme department.

Dixon Poole, Peoria, Arizona

This site includes some examples of the work of Dixon Poole, Museum Curator for the Marines' Memorial Club, San Francisco, California. Dixon recently completed a 260-display permanent exhibit of WWI and WWII Marine, Army and Navy militaria. The exhibit includes his now renown work "The Battle Banners of the Marine Corps" (36 square foot display). Other displays include some of the personal effects of General Douglas MacArthur, past and present Marine Corps Commandants, and decorations and pictures belonging to James Norman Hall an original member of the Lafayette Escadrille Squadron and co-author of "Mutiny on the Bounty". Under Dixon's continued hands-on direction as Curator, the Marines Memorial Club's extensive display of twentieth century military history is garnering outstanding reviews by the increasing number of dignitaries and visitors to the Club. Dixon is presently undertaking extensive research on the Lafayette Escadrille Squadron. He is available for consultation regarding implementation, sitting, permitting, construction and display of public, private, corporate or individual military exhibits.

Hendrik's Medal Corner

With information on Orders, decorations and medals of Belgium and other countries.

The Art Prints of Michael Kelley's Vietnam Reflections

These Duo-Tone reproductions of Mike Kelley's sketches are from an open edition. They are printed on neutral PH (acid free), book weight stock and are 16"x20" in size. Currently, there are five prints available in this series.

Vets With A Mission

Incorporated in 1988, "Vets With A Mission" was founded by Vietnam vets who have come to terms with their own traumatic wounds from the Vietnam conflict and who are dedicated to bringing healing and reconciliation back to the people of a country which played such a pivotal role in our nation's history.

Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry

(32nd & 46th Regiments of Foot) Contains details on Colours, Battle Honours, The Regimental March, Timeline, Museum, Newspaper Articles, Boer War, Band 1898, World War 1 Misc. etc. The unofficial pages by Mike Young.

Somerset Light Infantry

(13th Regiment of Foot - Prince Albert's) Contains details on Battle Honours, Timeline, Zulu & Basuto Wars, Boer War, Somerset County War Memorial, etc. The unofficial pages by Mike Young.

Canadian Army Links

Commonwealth Orders of Battle 1939-45

This site is dedicated to the study of Commonwealth Orders of Battle during the period of the Second World War. They are interested in contacting other researchers who are willing to exchange information on the British Commonwealth and Empire during this period. The site is organized around each of the major Commonwealth countries.

Merlindale Dioramas

Merlindale design and create Dioramas, Vignettes and individual pieces covering all periods in history for Museums, Interior Designers and Private Collectors. All work is carried out on a commission basis. The Merlindale Website consists of an Online Gallery and the Merlindale Tour showing samples of our work and previous commissions. These include the 'Salerno Landings' on display at the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Museum in Edinburgh Castle.

Soviet Military Awards Page

The Soviet Military Awards Page is dedicated to providing information about military and labour awards from the former Soviet Union.

Kyle's World War One Homepage

Kyle's aim is to rotate articles or some at least, hopefully spread the interest, there will be a slight RM/Kent influence as that is his specialist area.

The Australian Involvement in Vietnam - Sunraysia Vietnam Veterans

The Sunraysia Vietnam Veterans Association started way back in about 1974 here in Mildura, Australia, with about four or five blokes deciding to do something for themselves and other like minded Veterans. Since then it has grown from strength to strength. This page was put together by Ern Marshall because of the lack of information about the Australian Involvement in Vietnam and for the benefit of all Veterans, and maybe for the education of some of the younger generation. It is well worth the visit.

Leo Ljepotic from Split, Croatia

Leo's personal homepage. During many years he is collecting, buying, selling and exchanging medals and orders. Now he has comprehensive collection of medals, orders, badges and militaria; full size and miniatures. In these days when everybody is "on Internet" he has joined up so people can easily contact him if they like to exchange or buy some items.

Nineteenth Century British And Indian Armies And Their Soldiers

The purpose of this site is to explore the 19th Century British and Indian Armies and their soldiers. The site presents various 19th Century photographs, campaign medals, and the biographical studies of the soldiers represented by these items.

Medals and Awards of the Great War

Nearly all of the nations involved in the Great War had medals and awards which they bestowed upon their citizens and allies for meritorious service or specific acts of bravery. Many of these awards existed long before the war. Some had long and complex histories. Some were newly instituted during the war. This page provides an introduction and image of each of the awards.

Duane's Web Page on Militaria

Duane's collection of militaria and other antiques he has accumulated. The site also has a number of links to relating to militaria and military subjects - with a US bias. Worth a visit.

Decorations and Medals of India

It is the intent of these pages to present an overview of the decorations and medals awarded by India. Created as a modest commemoration of the anniversary of India's 50th year as an independent nation (15 August 1947-15 August 1997), this is extracted from a larger study of decorations and medals in South Asia. A great reference site for Decorations and Medals of India !!

Defenders of Pakistan

A well presented site covering an introduction of the Pakistan Forces and its highest Award for Bravery - Nishan-e-Haider - together with details of awards made.

American Civil War: Resources on the Internet

Extensive links on the subject of the American Civil War.

Military Goods Dealers

Prepared by the Naval Historical Centre, US Department of the Navy, it provides a list of firms and organizations involved in dealing in historic and reproduction military goods.

The Discriminating General

Offers: Military Heritage: The Internet Magazine - with free articles and excellent links! The Seven Years War Website - articles, uniform descriptions, re-enactment events, products. The War of 1812 Website - articles, uniform descriptions, re-enactment events. Products and Services - military heritage reproductions spanning the period 1743 to 1856 and research and consulting services The Napoleonic Collection - special replica collection of British and French military items Military Music Sound Clip Gallery - real audio clips of fife and drum tunes, duty calls, etc.

Hellfire Corner

The original Hellfire Corner was a crossroads on the Menin Road, near Ypres, Belgium. In 1917 especially, it was generally accepted that Hellfire Corner was the most dangerous spot on the face of the Earth. Today, there's a traffic island there and there is nothing to reveal its past history. Many places which had enormous significance then, reveal little of this now. Places change just as memories fade with the passing years, and names become forgotten. But as long as names, places and events can still be brought to mind now and then, Remembrance will go on.

World War 1 Document Archive

A site which contains far more than its name suggests. There are transcripts of important documents from 1914-18 but there is more - a pictorial biographical dictionary of important Great War people; reminiscences; memorial articles. Members of the wwi-l Great War mailing list maintain the site. The site includes details of how to subscribe to the list.

World War 1 Trenches on the Web

These pages contain information on the people, places, and events that comprised one of the worst calamities of modern history.

Northallerton Memorials Project

The aim of this project is to create a permanent record of the life and death of each of the men whose names are recorded on the War Memorials of Northallerton, and its satellite villages of Romanby and Brompton. Because of space restrictions these pages will only deal with the men who were killed in The First World War.

The Historic Iron Cross

This page will prove useful to those interested in collecting or researching the Iron Cross (Eisernen Kreuzes) and serves as a helpful resource. The Iron Cross is one of the most interesting and well known military decorations in the world; rich in both history and tradition. This site will examine the many fascinating aspects of collecting this decoration with emphasis placed on its history as well as the various aspects of collecting and displaying them. There are sub pages on each issued series (1813, 1870, 1914, 1939 and 1957) as well as pages on construction methods and fake detection.

World War II on the Web

Extensive directory of links containing information relating to the Second World War. There are items of interest to collectors, historians and researchers alike: text files, graphics, images and video/sound clips.

Militaria Collectibles Auction Haus

Militaria Collectibles Auction Haus recreates in electronic form the fun and thrill of bidding at an auction, whereas price and availability change in response to the bidder's actions. Their Interactive On-line Auction Haus features a wide assortment of Rare Historical Militaria Collectibles from all over the world!

The Military History Page

This page consists of extensive links relating to Land Forces of the British Empire. Subjects include: General Reference, Empire & Commonwealth, International, Re-enactors, Bands & Music, Periodicals, Bookstores & Publishers, Militaria, Library Catalogues, Weapons & Vehicles, Ancient & Medieval, Catalogues of Links.

MedalMan's Home Page

This site is dedicated to everyone who shares MedalMan's passion for collecting military memorabilia. The site is devoted to the collector of American military awards and include a page of medals which he has for sale.