North American ships with New Zealand connections

(Revised 31 March 2004)

This section lists merchant ships built in North America and registered in New Zealand up to 1950 and others built and/or owned in North America that ended their days in New Zealand up to 1975, a total of 212 vessels. Watt’s Index of NZ ships and Ingram and Wheatley’s record of NZ shipwrecks (see references at end of list) provided the starting point for the list but the information has been substantially revised and corrected using multiple sources not available to them.

Altogether, 81 ships built in the United States and 85 built in British North America were registered in New Zealand of which most, but not all ended their days in NZ. At least a further 35 American and 14 Canadian ships ended their days in New Zealand. The wreck of the Vancouver-built Endeavour II replica in 1971 has been disregarded. British North America consists of Canada, Newfoundland (not part of Canada for most of the period covered) and Bermuda.

The information provided represents a compromise in level of detail. Generally more information is available from the sources indicated. Where possible, US official numbers are also shown though quite a few of the ships were sold or lost before the USA adopted ship numbering. Tonnages and even dimensions recorded later in life may well differ significantly from those recorded earlier because of changes in measurement practice through time and between jurisdictions. Uncertain identifications and dates are indicated by ? Further information from original primary sources will be welcomed. In many cases only single tonnage figures are available. Earlier British tonnages have been treated as net and American tonnages as gross following the respective British and American practices, in the absence of information to the contrary. Original names are indicated where known but possibly not all were identified. A few vessels were known by more than two names (listed at foot of list). The Indiana was issued two British official numbers (refer footnotes). Ships posted missing on voyages from NZ ports are included.

ONUM indicates official number. Generally, I have not been able to identify these for US ships built after 1910.

NZREG indicates the first year that the vessel was registered in NZ. Some were registered in NZ more than once.

“never” indicates those built in North America but not registered in NZ that were wrecked or otherwise lost in NZ.

A identifies those that were also registered in Australia.

BUILT Region generally US state or Canadian province.

To print, set left and right margins to their outer limits.

NAME                      ONUM     ONUM     NZREG    A             RIG          TONS     TONS    BUILT      BUILT      FATE       FATE       FATE       ORIGINAL

                                BRIT        US                                                          Net          Gross   Year       Region   Year        Region   Type       NAME

AMERICAN

A. H. Badger           48393      nil             1867        A             bk            337                          1858        Maine       1871        Tasman Sea            collision

Addenda                 nil             107188    never                       bkn 4m     637          692          1895        USA         1904        NZ           wreck

Adeline Burke          43320      nil             1870        A             bk            281                          1857        Maine       1902        AUS         scrap       Liberty

Alabama                  nil             nil             never                       bk                            337          ?              ?              1865        NZ           wreck

Alameda                  106132    105633    1897        A             bk            1474                        1876        Maine       1897        NZ           hulk

Albion                      43035      ?              1872                        bk            328                          1815        Mass.      1884        PACIFIC   scrap

Alexander               nil             nil             never                       ship                         421                          ?              1858        NZ           wreck

Algerine                   32329      nil             1853        A             brig          160                          1844        Md           1857        TO FOREIGN            Selina

Alice Cameron         43225      nil             1863        A             bk            347                          ?              Mass.      1874        PACIFIC   missing    Siren Queen

Antarctic                 nil             nil             never                       ship                         ns            ?              ?              1853        NZ           wreck

Aryan                      nil             107040    never                       bk            2017        2124        1893        USA         1918        NZ           fire

Atlantic                    nil             nil             never                       ship                         323                          ?              1839        NZ           wreck

Augusta                  66573      105171    1874        A             bgn          138          150          1871        Or.           1884        NZ           wreck

Australind                46431      nil             1873        A             bk            481          493          1860        Maine       1882        NZ           wreck      Suzor or Luzor

Bertha Dolbeer        nil             3180        never                       sch 3m    231          243          1881        USA         1918        NZ           wreck

Blackwall                 50120      ?              1883        A             ship         1190                        1858        Maine       pre 1923  NZ           hulk          National

Brilliant                     nil             nil             never                       brig                                                          ?              1839        NZ           wreck

Broxton                   132422                    1921                        ss            2664        3585        1919        Wash.      1924        NZ           hulk

Canterbury              40348      nil             1864                        sch          76                            1860        Mass.      1878        PACIFIC   broken up Charmer

Cantero                   31999      nil             1871        A             bk            278                          1844        Maine       1883        NZ?         hulk

Cecilia Sudden        nil             132453    never                       sch 4m    545          643          1902        USA         1921        NZ           fire

Celestia                   43019      ?              1872        A             bk            225                          1852        Mass.      1887        Tasman Sea            missing

Chance                    42867      nil             1874        A             bk            286                          1846        Mass.      1903        NZ           scrap       North Star

Charybydis              57827      ?              1871                        sch          98                            pre 1867  Md           1878        PACIFIC   lost          ?Elisa

Chelsea                   nil             nil             never                       bk                            600          ?              ?              1845        NZ           wreck

City of Newcastle 43329 nil             1870        A             bk            538                          1833        NYk         1872        PACIFIC   wreck      Montreal

Clara Hargrave        47565      ?              1881        A             bk            338          374          1856        Mass.      1890        NZ           scrap       Achilles

Clarendon                32540      nil             never                       brig                          157          1847        USA         1868        NZ           wreck

Collingwood            48417      ?              never                       bk                            457          1845        USA         1869        NZ           wreck

Columbia nil 127369 never sch 4m 584 663 1899 USA 1938 NZ hulk burned

Columbia River        nil             214504    never                       sch 5m    1064        1200        1916        USA         1921        NZ           wreck

Comet                      61019      ?5128      1874                        bk            350          358          ?              Mass.      1875        NZ           foundered Hokalele???

Cossack                  nil             nil             never                       sch                                                          ?              1823        NZ           wreck

Daniel Webster        32297      nil             1851        A             bk            296                          1836        Mass.      post 1855                PACIFIC   missing

Delaware                73381      ?6420      1879        A             bk            249                          1848        Maine       1930        NZ           fire

Elbe                         nil             nil             never                       ship                         341          1826        USA         1841        NZ           wreck

Eli Whitney               41104      ?              1871                        bk            507                          1834        Mass.      1877        NZ           collision

Elinor Vernon          101474    135260    1894                        bkn          545          570          1876        Maine       1914        NZ?         hulk

Empire                     nil             nil             never                       ship                                                         ?              1862        NZ           wreck

European                 28355      ?              1871                        ship         715                          1839        USA         1871        NZ           hulk

Falco                       nil             nil             never                       brig                          280                          USA         1845        NZ           wreck

Federation               31584      nil             1860        A             bk            187                          1847        Maine       ?1874      NZ           hulk          W. Bradley Jr.

Fiery Star                nil             nil             never                       ship                         1361        1851        ?              1865        NZ           fire           Comet

Flying Mist               nil             nil             never                       ship                         1204                        ?              1862        NZ           wreck

Franklin                    nil             nil             never                       bk                                                            ?              1859        NZ           wreck

Gazelle                    74973      ?              1885        A             bk            324                          1862        NYk         pre 1886  NZ           broken up

General Grant         nil             nil             never                       ship                         1183        1864        USA         1866        NZ           wreck

Genevie M. Tucker  69006      85112      1879        A             bk            519                          1870        Maine       1926        NZ           hulk

Glencoe                   31931      nil             1850        A             bk            159                          1847        Maine       1878        NZ           wreck     

Glimpse                   70186      ?10726    1874                        bk            335          347          1856        NYk         1881        AUS         foundered

Guy C. Goss           85602      85602      never                       hulk          1430        1572        1879        USA         1935        NZ           fire

Helen S. Page          31935      nil             1850        A             bk            226                          1847        Maine       1868        AUS         wreck

Holmwood               121397    121149    1924                        sch 4m    696          773          1900        Or.           1940        NZ           broken up Forest Home

Hope                        nil             nil             never                       ?              ?                                              ?              1848        NZ           wreck

Hydra                      43305      ?              1868        A             bk            586                          1852        Maine       1872        NZ           foundered

Iliomama                   nil             nil             1851                        sch          68                            pre 1849  Md           1853        NZ           wreck      Greyhound?

Island City 52382      nil             1868        A             bk            421                          1852        Maine       1891        TO FOREIGN

Jack Frost               nil             nil             never                       bk                                                            ?              1864        NZ           missing

Janus                      nil             ?13003    never                       bk                            276          ?              USA         1881        NZ           wreck

Kate                         40260      nil             1859        A             bk            341                          1856        Maine       1872        AUS?       lost          Wampanoag

Lady Franklin           48021      ?              1873        A             bk            235                          1833        USA         1876        NZ           wreck      Franklin

Leading Wind          94232      140020    1891                        ship         1159        1208        1874        Maine       1893        TO FOREIGN

Leonidas                 57785      ?              1868                        sch yt      79                            1847        Maine       1871        NZ           wreck      S. D. Bailey

Lizzie                       61030      ?              1876        A             bkn          223                          1875        Maine       1888        PACIFIC   dismasted and abandoned

Lombard                  40359      nil             1863                        sch          208                          1856        Mass.      1867        AUS         foundered

Lovet Peacock        75123      14917      1877                        sch          309                          1855        NJ            1879        AUS         wreck

Lyman D. Foster      92839      141239    1917                        bkn          701          780          1892        Wash.      1919        PACIFIC   missing

Lyttelton                  40346      nil             1864                        bk            586                          1853        Richmond                1874        AFRICA   wreck      Volga

Manukau                  46447      nil             1865        A             sch 3m    443                          1855        NJ            1867        NZ           wreck      Elizabeth C. Fuller

Martha                     70207      ?17557    1875                        bk            251                          ?              Mass.      1883        NZ?         hulk

Mary Hasbrouck      102305    91117      1898                        bk            727                          1879        Maine       1898        TO FOREIGN

Mary Merrill              nil             nil             never                       ship                         ns            ?              ?              1862        NZ           wreck

Mary Mildred            44137      ?              never       A             bk                            460          1855        USA         1883        NZ           wreck      Gallego

Menshikoff              75377      ?              1891        A             bk            223                          1847        Md           1906        NZ           hulk

Messenger              nil             ?              never                       bk                            925          1854        USA         1879        NZ           wreck

Minna (Mina) Bell     64789      17419      1879        A             sch          129                          1863        Calif.        1893        NZ           blown up as spectacle

Moneynick               70185      17491      1874                        bk            269          282          1854        Mass.      1876        AUS         wreck

Ngaio                       174367    228613    1950                        ss            1501        3566        1929        Calif.        1956        TO FOREIGN                            Hualalai

Nightingale               46532      nil             1863        A             bk/bgn     282                          1869        Md           1887        PACIFIC   wreck

Noble                       nil             nil             1850                        bk            252                          1831        Maine       pre 1852  NZ?         broken up

Norna                      102327    130146    1900        A             sch          89                            1879        NYk         1913        AUS         wreck

Omega                     43211      nil             1874        A             bk            401                          1836        Mass.      1901        NZ           fire

Onkaparinga            nil             nil             never                       brig                          250          1839        USA         1855        NZ           wreck      John Enders

Osceola                   88920      19163      1884        A             ship         1157                        1864        Mass.      1912        NZ           scuttled

Otago                      48371      nil             1864                        bk            403                          1851        Maine       1867        AFRICA   broken up  Growler

Othello                     49281      nil             1883        A             bk            342                          1853        Mass.      1926        NZ?         coal hulk

Pacific                     nil             nil             never                       bk                                                            ?              1857        NZ           foundered

Pauline                     31674      nil             1851        A             brig          106                          1844        Mass.      pre 1876  AUS?       broken up

Peerless                  70371      ?              1876                        sch          46                            1869        Calif.        1876        PACIFIC   wreck

Phyllis                      132426                    1929                        ss            67            148          1912        Wash.      1954        NZ           wreck      Star III

Prairie                      4586        ?              never                       brig                          139          1845        USA         1880        NZ           wreck

Raven                      32524      nil             1853        A             brig          115                          1848        Maine       1868        AUS?       wreck      C. I. Dow

Restless                  49256      nil             1864        A             brig          258                          1862        Maine       1872        PACIFIC? foundered

Result                      66553      ?19870    1873        A             ship         724                          1852        Mass.      1880        AUS         missing    Polar Star

Retriever                 nil 110507    never                       bkn          520          548          1881        Wash.      1920        NZ           hulk

Rona                        43402      nil             1864                        brig          150                          1850        Maine       1869        PACIFIC   foundered  Anglo-Saxon

Rosannah Rose      75212      ?21096    1876                        sch          130                          1847        Maine       1880        NZ           wreck

Sabrina                    23087      nil             1854        A             bk            308                          1845        Md           1859        ?              foundered  Helen McFiedler

Sir George Grey      46578      nil             1864                        bk            596                          1858        Mass.      1866        PACIFIC? Wreck     Thomas W. House

Sophia R. Luhrs      69004      115299    1878                        bk            661                          1874        Maine       1888        NZ           wreck

Splendid                  61018      ?22415    1874                        bk            358                          1835        Mass.      1890        NZ           stranded

St. Peter                  nil             nil             never                       bk                                                            ?              1855        NZ           wreck

Stanvac Shanghai   172878                    1947                        turbo.       6305        10712      1945        Pa.           reg. open 1959                        Turner's Gap

Tagua                      136884                    1921                        sch          169          203          1909        Calif.        reg. open 1959

Tahitienne                171440                    1941                        sch yt      9              83            1923        Wash.      reg. open 1960

Taratahi                   128593                    1928                        ss            46            133          1912        Wash.      1949        NZ           dismantled

Tokatea                   57828      ?21117    1871        A             bk            805          835          1848        Mass.      1879        PACIFIC   wreck      Robert

Trieste                     50973      nil             1865        A             bk            511                          1857        NYk         1866        PACIFIC   missing

W. C. Wentworth    46439      nil             1864        A             bk            315                          1855        Maine       1902        ?              broken up  John Howe

Wairata                    172879                    1947                        mv           2983        5255        1943        Tex.         reg. open 1962

Wairimu                   172885                    1948                        mv           3997        6796        1941        Wash.      reg. open 1962                        Cape Alava

Wellington                36583      ?11662    1872                        ship         696                          1854        Maine       1874        NZ           wreck      Helios

Wellington                78360      ?              1878                        bk            587          601          ?              USA         1881        Japan      wreck

William Buchanan    32691      nil             1862        A             bk            155                          1848        Maine       1864        AUS         fire           Sarah Olney

William Gifford         70188      ?26829    1874                        bk            232          241          1858        Mass.      1877        NZ           wreck

Winslow                  nil             81657      never                       sch 4m    497          567          1899        USA         1917        NZ           war

(unknown)              nil             nil             never                       ?              ?              300          new         ?              1836        NZ           wreck

BRITISH NORTH AMERICA

Abemama                138200                    1921        A             sch 3m    337          395          1918        NS           1927        AUS         fire

Akbar                      66407                      never                       bgn          204          215          1873        PEI           1879        NZ           wreck

Alarm                       15537                      1877        A             brig          195                          1854        PEI           1910        NZ           scrap

Albion                      54206                      1874        A             brig          248                          1866        PEI           1885        NZ?         hulk

Alexander Craig      100215                    1892                        bk            520          552          1891        NS           1909        NZ           hulk          Kathleen Hilda

Alliance                   9748                        1865                        sch          73                            1851        QUE.        1865        NZ           lost at sea

Amateur                  41158                      1866        A             sch 3m    239                          1856        NS           1904        NZ           scrap

Amherst                  31862                      1867        A             brig          171                          1845        NS           1879        NZ           condemned

Annabell                  77668                      1881        A             brig          348          378          1878        PEI           1885        NZ           wreck

Annie Howlan         50938                      1875                        sch          93                            1864        PEI           1889        NZ           scrap

Annie Laurie            41163                      1864                        bgn          277                          1879        NS           1868        PACIFIC   wreck

Arabia                     nil                             1851                        brig          92                            1849        NS           1852        NZ           wreck

Australia                  30407                      never                       brig          162                          1852        NB           1873        NZ           foundered

Baldina                    142688                    1933        A             ss            2591        4333        1918        QUE.        1934        TO FOREIGN            War Duchess

Barunga                  142734                    1932        A             ss            2598        4342        1918        QUE.        1935        TO FOREIGN            War Faith

Bella Mary               43051                      1881        A             bk            276                          1862        NS           1886        PACIFIC   wreck

Bobycito                  55984                      1873        A             bk            432                          1866        PEI           1892        AUS         broken up  Bismark

Bolina                      nil                             1843        A             bk            319                          1826        NS           1846        Portugal   condemned

Breadalbane            4633                        1858        A             bk            215                          1854        NS           1864        AUS         wreck

Buster                     85626                      1885        A             bkn          305          310          1884        NS           1893        AUS         wreck

Cabarfiedh              69110                      1875                        bk            333          348          1874        NS           1889        NZ?         hulk

Cambria                   40393                      1872                        sch          43                            1871        BC           1874        NZ           foundered

Chanticleer              36332                      never                       brig          186                                          NS           1875        NZ           foundered

Clara                        42151                      1865        A             bgn          132                          1860        PEI           1874        AUS         wreck

Coq du Village         53836                      never                       bk            312                          1865        QUE.        1876        NZ           wreck

Cyrene                    50880                      never                       bk            527                          1862        NB           1875        NZ           wreck

Cyrus                      59664                      1872        A             bk            317                          1868        PEI           1874        PACIFIC   wreck

Despatch                 31814                      1863        A             bgn          98                            1844        NS           1868        NZ           wreck

Devonport               77689                      1883        A             sch 3m    291                          1878        PEI           1913        NZ           hulk

Eillan Donan             88217                      1884                        bgn          270                          1883        NS           1893        PACIFIC   wreck

Eleanor                    24015                      1868        A             bk            396                          1852        QUE.        1874        Tasman Sea            foundered

Elizabeth                  31488                      1855        A             brig          127                          1852        NS           1864        AUS         wreck

Elizabeth                  71423                      1879                        bk            350          361          1874        PEI           1885        Tasman Sea            foundered

Emilie                       ?69661                    never                       bk            729                          1875        QUE.        1890        NZ           wreck      Arabella

Emulous                   57163                      1869                        bgn          139          157          1866        NS           1874        NZ           wreck

Express                   41477                      1867        A             sch          150                          1849        NS           1868        NZ           wreck

Feronia                    43129                      never                       bk            329                          1863        NB           1877        NZ           wreck

Fire Fly                    31936                      1854        A             snow       181                          1843        NB           1861        AUS         stranded & hulked

Flying Cloud             31763                      1866        A             sch          46                            1852        NS           1867        NZ           wreck

Gertrude                  38951                      1858        A             brig          206                          1854        PEI           1858        AUS         wreck

Gertrude                  31921                      1855        A             brig          119                          1850        NFL          1864        AUS         wreck

Glencoe                   31594                      1855        A             brig          155                          1846        NS           1858        ?              lost

Helen                       54372                      1873        A             bgn          165                          1866        NB           1876        NZ           wreck

Inconstant               nil                             never                       ship         460                          1847        NS           1849        NZ           wreck

India                         31922                      1882        A             bk            202                          1853        NB           1883        NZ           wreck

Indiana                     102266                    1894                        bgn          252          265          1884        PEI           1894        AUS         wreck      Donal Ena

James A. Stewart   74089                      1879                        bgn          179          189          1878        NS           1880        NZ           wreck

James Paxton          31644                      1870        A             sch          61                            1850        NB           1876        NZ           wreck

Jane                        32039                      1878        A             brig          160                          1846        NS           1886        AUS         wreck

Jean Pierre              89411                      1894        A             bk            614          635          1865        QUE.        1908        NZ           scuttled

Kirkwood                 31969                      1853                        brig          136                          1849        NB           1857        TO FOREIGN

Lady Grey               40315                      1857        A             sch          65                            1853        PEI           1859        TO FOREIGN

Lady Mabel              85613                      1889        A             bgn          215          223          1883        NS           1918        AUS?       broken up

Lapwing                  75471                      1878                        bgn          231                          1876        PEI           1886        Argentina   condemned

M. A. Doran             72173                      1896        A             bgn          292          330          1875        NS           1914        NZ           hulk

Maggie                     36826                      1867        A             brig          191                          1860        PEI           1878        AUS         wreck

Maria                       41934                      1869                        ship         748                          1858        QUE.        1871        UK           wreck

Midas                       33205                      1870        A             bk            555                          1847        PEI           1872        AUS         wreck

Montmorency          ?13596                    never                       ship         ?668                        ?1855      QUE.?      1867        NZ           fire

Northern Star          73072                      1891        A             bk            327          338          1875        PEI           1893        NZ           collision?

Oberlin                     50870                      1867        A             brig          263                          1865        NB           1875        AUS         wreck

Oceola                     69150                      1876                        bgn          231          245          1875        NS           1887        NZ           wreck

Ottawa                    53695                      1870        A             bgn          222                          1865        PEI           1873        NZ           wreck

Our Hope                 43125                      never                       brig          237                          1862        NB           1872        NZ           wreck

Pakeha                    46849                      1864        A             brig          173                          1863        PEI           1881        NZ           wreck

Palace                     50878                      1878        A             bk            339          355          1866        NB           pre 1932  NZ?         broken up Confederate Star

Parnell                     77948                      1883        A             bgn          348          367          1879        PEI           1891        PACIFIC   wreck

Peerless                  69071                      1879        A             bgn          292                          1873        NS           1893        PACIFIC   wreck

Premier                    43114                      1871                        bk            296          308          1862        NB           1871        NZ           wreck

Prince Edward        40266                      1859        A             brig          174                          1858        PEI           1869        NZ           foundered

Progress                 75520                      1879                        bgn          210          224          1877        PEI           1880        NZ           wreck

Ransom                   72189                      1884                        bgn          245          252          1876        NS           1885        PACIFIC   wreck

Reliance                  31832                      1864        A             brig          118                          1841        Bermuda  1868        PACIFIC   wreck

Retriever                 31965                      never                       brig          149                          1853        BC           1857        NZ           foundered

Rio                           95308                      1882        A             sch          322          335          1881        NS           1915        AUS         wreck

Sea Gull                   36661                      1862                        bgn          122                          1859        NB           1886        NZ           wreck

Sea Gull                   32422                      never                       sch          62                                            BC           1863        NZ           lightning

Shamrock                32549                      1865        A             sch          71                            ?1839      PEI           1867        PACIFIC   wreck

Southminster           73980                      never                       sch 3m    1223                        1876        QUE.        1878        NZ           wreck      Queensland

Sporting Lass          32368                      1858        A             brig          160                          1848        PEI           1863        AUS         wreck

Spray                      33439                      1859        A             bgn          103                          1851        NS           1867        AUS         wreck

Stag                         53572                      1878                        bk            335                          1865        NS           1882        AUS         wreck

Stanley                    85376                      1883                        bgn          345          350          1882        NS           1899        NZ           stranded

Storm Bird               36652                      1866        A             bkn          164                          1859        NB           1870        AUS         foundered

Sybil                        31541                      1858        A             sch          95                            1850        QUE.        1858        AUS         wreck

Tyra                         41633                      1863        A             brig          276                          1858        NS           1879        AUS         burnt

Waihemo                 175581                    1950                        ss            4314        7189        1944        BC           reg. open 1962                        Dominion Park

Waikawa                 175386                    1950                        ss            4312        7185        1944        BC           1959        TO FOREIGN            Parkdale Park

Wairuna                   175392                    1950                        ss            4313        7212        1944        BC           1960        TO FOREIGN            Salt Lake Park

Waitemata               172876                    1947                        ss            4422        7364        1946        BC           reg. open 1962

Waitomo                  175381                    1950                        ss            4308        7209        1944        BC           reg. open 1962                        Sunnyside Park

Wakakura                178417                    1947                        ss            99            274          1917        Canada    1953        NZ?         broken up

Wanderer                40206                      1854        A             brig          173                          1847        PEI           1856        TO FOREIGN

Wenona                   85374                      1883        A             bk            511          530          1882        NS           1921        AUS?       broken up

Wild Wave               36651                      1861                        sch          93                            1859        NB           1866        NZ           wreck

Willie McLaren         71462                      never                       bk            536          560          1874        PEI           1889        NZ           wreck

Yarrow                   32318                      1854        A             snow       228                          1851        PEI           1870        AUS         wreck

Yolande                   85785                      1884        A             bkn          391          415          1883        NS           1897        NZ           wreck

Zeno                        74343                      1891                        bgn          390          407          1876        NS           1885        Tasman Sea  foundered

ADDITIONAL NAMES

Bobycito also known as Astarte

Blackwall  also known as Blackheath

Barunga also known as Cape Premier

Chance also known as North West

Indiana also known as Geo. H. Douglass under Hawaiian registration #283 and #295; originally ON(Brit.) 88647

Stanvac Shanghai renamed Stanvac Bangkok (1954)

Sources

Watt’s Index of NZ ships refer C12Watt

NZ, American and Canadian sources listed under menu items C2, C21 and C22.

New Zealand Shipwrecks, C.W.N. Ingram and P. O. Wheatley, A.H. and A.W. Reed, Wellington, various editions (Wheatley’s name does not appear on later editions although the texts are substantially the same).

Shipping Losses and Casualties concerning Australia and New Zealand, Ronald Parsons, Goolwa, S.A., 2003.

West Coast Windjammers, Jim Gibbs, Superior Publishing Company, Seattle, 1968, for reference to the Retriever.

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