DRIVER LICENSING POLICY AND OLDER NEW ZEALANDERS

25 July 2003

Summary report

OECD Research Policy Strategies and
Older Driver Licensing in New Zealand

Policy changes proposed by the Licensing Transport and Safety Authority to licensing rules are driving elders down the road of regulation.

Contrary to OECD research and policy analysis documented in the report " Ageing and Transport: Mobility Needs and Safety Issues 2001 ", the LTSA proposes punitive systems to limit elder access to driver licenses.

This report is based on a detailed analysis of New Zealand "older Driver policy" formation and a review of OECD comparative research on Ageing and Transport.

New Zealand policy documents show that the LTSA has constructed an elder 'risk' and liability climate through the application of a distance-travelled formula that reconstructs actual statistics.

Neither the Transport Select Committee nor the Price Waterhouse Coopers Review have considered the legitimacy of the formula use.

The OECD warns that the use of such distance formula presents "methodological difficulties'. In addition the OECD claims that these methods are complex, unreliable and 'over estimate risk'.
The result is a projected view of aged driver incompetence not validated in actual data. Furthermore, the OECD is clear in its promotion of efforts to increase safety by a raft of methods that compliment the primary need to enable safe elder mobility and improve public attitudes to older drivers.

Assumptions have been made by the LTSA regarding incapacity and ageing, based on outmoded biomedical views of 'decrepit old age'. The policy directions are 'governed' by an ideology of ageing recreation an aged identify based on a past social construction of age.
Further, little account of gender or ethnic difference has been applied.

The OECD states categorically Mandatory age-based testing appears to be ineffective' (2001: 11)

The attitude towards ageing communities and elders reflected in the LTSA discourse on older drivers indicates a 1994 World Bank economic ageing crisis ideology.
It does not reflect the reform strategies proposed by the OECD.
Nor does it embody the ageing principles of the United Nations, reflected in the New Zealand Government's Positive Ageing Strategy.

Restrictive and costly frequent testing regimes have alienated elder New Zealanders. Old people are not only outraged and fearful. Most discuss the very high level of anxiety associated with testing and the continued disrespect with which they are treated.

The policy context issues are:

1. Ageing communities.

Efforts to maintain and increase 'active ageing' and reduce dependency are essentially founded in mobility.

LTSA reports show little evidence of cross-policy analysis to meet complex ageing socio-economic challenges. The consequences for mobility reduction in existing and proposed rule changes, increasing test severity and cost, are immeasurable. Health budget implications are extreme and civic or social life potentially fraught. Reduced mobility affects intergenerational family and community support mechanisms including traditional elder cultural roles reducing social cohesion.

It is a socio-economic imperative that elders do not become marginalised, or forced to be further dependent on government or community resources.

2. Human Rights.

Imposing age specific regulations without serious well-founded justification contravenes the New Zealand Human Rights legislation. The methodological problems associated with justifying current policy are suspect, and liable to challenge.

3. Statistical Evidence.

The statistical basis for the LTSA proposed conditional licensing rule changes are predicated on risk and frailty assumptions. The number of older driver 80+ fatalities average 36 per year, and contrary to popular belief, most are men.

The risk calculations are based on a distance-travelled ratio. Older people travel 3-5 km on average in any trip, however, this distance is extrapolated to 100,000 km distorting reality.

Compared to young drivers who travel more often, with speed and alcohol, over longer distances, on highways elders travel in known neighborhoods with a lifetime of experience.
They are known to self-moderate according to conditions.
Most accidents occur at intersections, also caused by other factors.

These driver safety, frailty, trauma and data issues are common to OECD countries. What is uncommon is the attitude that prevails to set the climate for the treatment of elders in New Zealand through transport policies .

In particular the harsh approach to older driver testing and licencing is outmoded and economically, socially and statistically ill founded.

4. Cost Recovery.

The Price Waterhouse Review 2001 examined fair apportioning of licensing costs. It did not examine policy assumptions, the formula, or validation of older driver policy interventions. Some licence fee adjustments were made in 2001 to include one free retest entitlement.

The cumulative cost of licensing, and testing for two yearly interval renewal, including an approximate medical and optical test ($40.00) according to Price Waterhouse Coopers, given no retests for a ten year period, is $799.50. The cost to other wage-earning age groups is $44.50 for the same period.

5. Creating a Safe and Supportive Climate.

Given that the baby-boomers begin to reach 65 in less than ten years time and transition to older old age by 2030, it is imperative that policy is directed to ensure their safety and co-operation

The OECD emphasis is that existing stereotypes and prejudices towards older drivers must be overcome to set in place a sound, well researched, strategic policy direction

People prefer to drive themselves safely. Testing regimes need to be focussed towards those at risk to assist, inform, educate and rehabilitate, to enable continued mobility without age barriers.

Safety includes safe cars, road environments, pedestrian places, and access to public transport.

SUMMARY:

The New Zealand older driver policies are unjust, and lack ethical foundation. The OECD report Ageing and Transport 2001 comprehensively covers a range of policy strategies to enable people to maintain safe mobility and actively age in their own communities Recommendation: That the Minister of Transport, Social development and Senior Citizens provide the necessary leadership to ensure that;

1 The current proposed older driver rule changes do not proceed.

2 Transport policy and legislative processes are:

Carole Gordon is a member of Grey Power New Zealand Federation Board.

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